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     (From Koi Carp Magazine)

I wrote the following articles for Koi Carp Magazine. Therefore they own the copyright but the Editor has given permission for them to be republished here. Thank you, Karen.

Understanding Pond Clay - What pond clay does for your pond and for your Koi.

Anoxic Filtration; part 1 - What is it and how does it work?

Anoxic Filtration; part 2 - Deeper into the baskets plus how to build an anoxic filter pond.

Test kit review - Five popular manual test kits put to the test.

Koi Show Water - New rules for koi shows to ensure they comply with Animal Welfare legislation.

Friction Losses - What are friction losses and how do they affect pond pipe-work design?

Good water guide; part 1 - The necessity for biological filtration.

Good water guide; part 2 - Bio-filter improvements.

Good water guide; part 3 - Mechanical filtration.

Good water guide; part 4 - Improving circulation.

Good water guide; part 5 - Improving water clarity.

Good water guide; part 6 - Temperature stratification.

Good water guide part 7 - Heating your koi pond.

Good water guide part 8 - Heating koi ponds with gas or oil boilers or heat pumps.